Most information necessary can be found at the Code Reference: WP_Query
| Class . Otherwise useful resource Theme Handbook: Conditional Tags. Below code contains some clarifying comments. Please note, this is untested code, so no guarantees, but it should get you going.
add_action( 'woocommerce_product_query', 'custom_woocommerce_product_query' );
function custom_woocommerce_product_query( $q ) {
if ( ! is_admin() ) {
//query for the out of stock items we want to exclude
$oos_query = new WP_Query( [
// items must be older than 1 month
'date_query' => [ [
'column' => 'post_date',
'before' => '1 month ago'
], ],
//only out of stock items...
'meta_query' => [ [
'key' => '_stock_status',
'value' => 'outofstock',
'compare' => '=',
], ],
//we want products, nothing else
'post_type' => 'product',
//we want them all
'posts_per_page' => -1,
//the ids are enough, no need to get more data
'fields' => 'ids',
] );
//getting array of ids from object
$exclude_ids = $oos_query->posts;
//excluding the above queried products from woocommerce's product query
$q->set( 'post__not_in', $exclude_ids );
}
}