You have to have something to target, so that means adding a class with the necessary information for your styles.
I recommend adding categories (or terms from your custom taxonomy) to the body classes. You can do this with a simple filter. This targets single templates and pulls terms from the category taxonomy. You can easily change either of these to suit your needs.
add_filter( 'body_class', 'my_body_class' );
function my_body_class( $classes ) {
if ( is_single() ) {
$categories = get_the_terms( get_the_ID(), 'category' );
if ( $categories ) {
$category_slugs = array();
foreach ( $categories as $category ) {
$category_slugs[] = 'cat-' . $category->slug;
}
$classes = array_merge( $classes, $category_slugs );
}
}
return $classes;
}
This will add new classes to your body tag like cat-uncategorized
.