In Yoast SEO there is no variable available for the content. The 2 variables that are available are %%excerpt%% and %%excerpt_only%%. The difference between these 2 is:
%%excerpt%% - Replaced with the post/page excerpt (or auto-generated if
it does not exist)
%%excerpt_only%% - Replaced with the post/page excerpt (without
auto-generation)
For a full list of available variables you can click on the "Help" tab (top right) when viewing the "Title and Metas" page of the Yoast SEO plugin.
If using %%excerpt_only%% and adding your post content in your post excerpt is not going to work for you then you could write your own function to hook into the wpseo_metadesc
filter.
function custom_seo_description( $seo_desc ) {
$seo_desc = "This is a custom description";
return $seo_desc;
}
add_filter( 'wpseo_metadesc', 'custom_seo_description', 10, 1 );
I've not tested this code but something along theser lines should work. More info on the Yoast SEO API can be found here: https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/api/