WordPress keeps you logged in for 48 hours by default.
If you click the "Remember Me" checkbox, it will remember you for 14 days.
If you would like to remain logged in for longer than this period of time, you must use the "Auth Cookie Expiration" hook that WordPress provides. Now, you've mentioned that you've used this without any effect. My geuss is that there is something incorrect in the application of this hook.
Here is an example use of the hook that has been tested and verified by multiple users:
function wpse108399_change_cookie_logout( $expiration, $user_id, $remember ) {
if( $remember && user_can( $user_id, 'manage_options' ) ){
$expiration = 60;// yes, I know this is 1 minute
}
return $expiration;
}
add_filter( 'auth_cookie_expiration','wpse108399_change_cookie_logout', 10, 3 );
It comes from this WPSE post: Extending auth_cookie_expiration based on user role
Here is an article that goes into depth about extending the auth_cookie_expiration, specifically about how to extend it to a year's time: https://premium.wpmudev.org/blog/how-to-extend-the-auto-logout-period-in-wordpress/
One final idea would be to also hook to the auth_cookie_expired hook, which activates once your authorization cookie officially expires. You could add code to create a new cookie everytime the old cookie expires.
Beyond this, there is no documented way to accomplish what you're asking.
Remember Me
option (while you log in)?