We have the [`fallback_intermediate_image_sizes`][1] filter within `wp_generate_attachment_metadata()`:

     **
     * Filters the image sizes generated for non-image mime types.
     *
     * @since 4.7.0
     *
     * @param string[] $fallback_sizes An array of image size names.
     * @param array    $metadata       Current attachment metadata.
     */
    $fallback_sizes = apply_filters( 'fallback_intermediate_image_sizes', $fallback_sizes, $metadata );

where the default sizes are:

    $fallback_sizes = array(
    	'thumbnail',
    	'medium',
    	'large',
    );


  [1]: https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/blob/4ad3cad2e0d9369d96f04837babe6270a1423487/src/wp-admin/includes/image.php#L594-L594