I am giving you idea for that, you have to use jquery for popup. below syntax will give you current post data in popup html.

     while ($the_query->have_posts()): $the_query->the_post(); 

            echo '<div class="non-popup">';
                echo '<div class="card-title" id="card-'.get_the_title.'">'.get_the_title().'</div>';
                   write you front end code + html (http://screenshotlink.ru/eff3d7431f4fbcd6a03ca5fcbbc41cdd.png) 
            echo '</div>';
            echo '<div class="popup" style="display:none;">';
                
               echo '<div class="popup-title">'.get_the_title().'</div>';
             
                 write your popup html + code      

            echo '</div>';
      
    endwhile; 

here is your jquery:

      $(document).ready(function(){
          $(".card-title").on('click',function(){          
               $(this).siblings().css('display','block'); 
          });
      });