add_action and do_action: multiple calls to same callback?

Question

I have a setup similar to this:

function get_type_data($val) {
    // Get the data from the DB where the ID is $val and return it.
}
add_action('my_hook', array($this, 'get_type_data'), 10, 1);

I need to repeat this callback for several results of another callback, which I was thinking of doing like this:

// Get the types first, then...
foreach ($type as $val) {
    add_action('my_hook', array($this, 'get_type_data'), 10, 1);
    do_action('my_hook', $val);
}

But it only does the first one. I then did it as follows:

// Get the types first, then...
foreach ($type as $val) {
    add_action('my_hook_' . $val, array($this, 'get_type_data'), 10, 1);
    do_action('my_hook_' . $val, $val);
}

I figured that this would then create sort of a dynamic hook and add the same action to it, but use the new parameter. Again, it only does the first one.

Then, just as a test, I did it like this:

add_action('my_hook_1', array($this, 'get_type_data'), 10, 1);
do_action('my_hook_1', 1);

add_action('my_hook_2', array($this, 'get_type_data'), 10, 1);
do_action('my_hook_2', 2);

add_action('my_hook_3', array($this, 'get_type_data'), 10, 1);
do_action('my_hook_3', 3);

Again, it only did the first one.

Finally, I did it like this, to see if I can call the same hook with different parameters:

add_action('my_hook', array($this, 'get_type_data'), 10, 1);
do_action('my_hook', 1);

add_action('my_hook', array($this, 'get_type_data'), 10, 1);
do_action('my_hook', 2);

add_action('my_hook', array($this, 'get_type_data'), 10, 1);
do_action('my_hook', 3);

I also tried with different priority values as the third parameter to add_action. Nothing works for me.

I failed to find resources indicating how this can be done. Even if it worked, the last two can't be a solution, as the data is dynamic from a web service.

Edit:

As requested by @Sally CJ, a bit more info:

• I am trying to run that hook several times for different values.
• I have, let's say two categories (but could be more) that need to run to populate a local database with data from a REST service. I first make a call to the REST service to get the categories back. Then for each of the categories returned, I need to call get_type_data with each category ID and pull all the data from the REST service for that category, and add it to a local database.
• The result set is too large to let multiple users run the rest service on demand, so I am running that via a cron job to return and prep the data (it only changes every hour or so), and then each user can get their subsection of the data on demand from a local database.

Let's say my categories returned are 1 and 2. When doing any of the loops, only data with category_id 1 are returned, similar to:

// Result from call 1
[
    [
        'category_id' => 1,
        'name' => 'Sample 1'
    ],
    [
        'category_id' => 1,
        'name' => 'Sample 2'
    ]    
]

// Result from call 2 never happening.

Where I was expecting results like this:

// Result from call 1
[
    [
        'category_id' => 1,
        'name' => 'Sample 1'
    ],
    [
        'category_id' => 1,
        'name' => 'Sample 2'
    ]    
]

// Result from call 2.
[
    [
        'category_id' => 2,
        'name' => 'Sample 1'
    ],
    [
        'category_id' => 2,
        'name' => 'Sample 2'
    ]    
]

I can confirm the data is available when I swop the statements around (so the second one brings data, and the first one then does not).

Any ideas?