Try editing category.php
– or category-news.php
if you have it – your CSS seems to indicate you've created a "news" category, but you'll hopefully know which files you've edited - and adding:
$withcomments = 1;
// If comments are open or we have at least one comment, load up the comment template.
if ( comments_open() || get_comments_number() ) {
comments_template();
}
between get_template_part('content', get_post_format() );
and the endwhile
(in the bit where WordPress loops through each post.)
This will add a comments form after every post on a category page (if you have loads of posts, especially short ones, you may find it much too cluttered, though.)
As for the date, the Twenty Fourteen theme has a function called twentyfourteen_posted_on()
(it's in the template-tags.php
file) - it prints the date and the author.
As you'll see if you inspect how it works, you can add:
echo esc_html( get_the_date() );
to print the date by itself, and get_the_date() takes a parameter that lets you customise how the date (and/or time) is displayed using the standard PHP date format.
You may also find the Template Hierarchy useful - it explains which template files WordPress loads to display different pages.