I'm not quite sure what do you mean.
You can change from where the WP loads the files if that's what you mean?
add_filter( 'pre_option_upload_url_path', function() { return 'http://yoursite.com/wp-content/uploads'; } );
That's what I use to develop on a local server with all the "real stuff/uploads" being in the live servers anyway.
edit: so no, this won't change where your uploads end from the admin, this just changes where the WP loads the media files from. To change the default folder where media uploads will end I think you need a custom upload function.
edit2: quote from here
You can use the 'upload_dir' filter
add_filter('upload_dir', 'set_upload_folder', 999);
function set_upload_folder( $upload_data ) {
// absolute dir path, must be writable by wordpress
$upload_data['basedir'] = trailingslashit(ABSPATH). '/files';
$upload_data['baseurl'] = 'http://subdomain.wptest.com/files';
$subdir = $upload_data['subdir'];
$upload_data['path'] = $upload_data['basedir'] . $subdir;
$upload_data['url'] = $upload_data['baseurl'] . $subdir;
return wp_parse_args($upload_data, $upload_data);
}