While I think they really hit it out of the ball park (so to speak) with Twenty-Fifteen, this has driven me nuts for a long time--I want yet more room for content.
I've gotten this (via a wider content area, as you want) by futzing with css percents a lot. Your mileage may vary. Here's a paste of the css section where I changed the numbers. I also removed the box effect and made some things transparent (I don't even know if they "need" to be--as I said, this is all futzing--but it worked) for some things--otherwise it looked wrong with overlapping lines.
@media screen and (min-width: 59.6875em) {
body:before {
background-color: #fff;
content: "";
display: block;
height: 100%;
min-height: 100%;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 23.4118%;
z-index: 0; /* Fixes flashing bug with scrolling on Safari */
background-color: transparent;
}
.site {
margin: 0 auto;
max-width: 1650px;
}
.sidebar {
float: left;
margin-right: -100%;
max-width: 313px;
position: relative;
width: 23.4118%;
background-color: transparent;
}
.secondary {
background-color: transparent;
box-shadow: none;
display: block;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.site-main {
padding: 1.75% 0;
background-color: transparent;
}
.site-content {
display: block;
float: left;
margin-left: 13%;
width: 87%;
background-color: transparent;
}
body {
font-size: 15px;
font-size: 1.5rem;
line-height: 1.6;
background-color: transparent;
}
Also, I recommend breaking this into a child theme if you use it, so that theme updates don't break it.