You might check out the content_edit_pre filter.
Your example would then look like this:
function wpse89725_pre_edit_content( $content, $post_id ) {
$content = "nothing";
return $content;
}
add_filter( 'content_edit_pre', 'wpse89725_pre_edit_content', 10, 2 );
You can read more about this filter in the Codex:
https://codex.wordpress.org/Plugin_API/Filter_Reference/content_edit_pre
Edit:
You can also try the edit_post_content filter:
add_filter( 'edit_post_content', 'my_pre_edit_content', 10, 2 );
Since we have in the file /wp-includes/post.php these lines:
$value = apply_filters("edit_{$field}", $value, $post_id);
// Old school
$value = apply_filters("{$field_no_prefix}_edit_pre", $value, $post_id);
both of these filters should work, but the filters *_edit_pre seems to be on the way out and replaced by edit_*.