... no, you can't do that at all.
WordPress, by default, already uses /page/# as a permalink. Here's a better explanation with examples:
http://yoursite.com - Blog home page showing page 1 of your blog
http://yoursite.com/page/2 - Showing page 2 of your blog
http://yoursite.com/2013/01/some-post-title - Showing page 1 of "Some Post Title"
http://yoursite.com/2013/01/some-post-title/page/2 - Showing page 2 of "Some Post Title"
So really, the /page/2 structure is already set up and used for something entirely different than what you're trying to do. Also, infinite scroll (if you're depending on /page/# permalinks) should already work for the home page.
The only way to get /page/2 on a post permalink is to manually add <!--nextpage--> in your post content. The easiest way to display all of the post's information on a single page is to ... not do that. Just remove the quicktag and the entire post will display.