Just in case some visitor find this info useful, I post my working implementation. It requires a little plugin.
In this implementation, the permalinks will show the monthly archive - but the url will still be "complete", i.e., include the post title - In this way, 1) I have more freedom if I wish to change this schema later, without breaking the permalinks, and 2) I have meaningful stats for my visits (I can know which individual posts was visited from my logs).
In the admin page I specify this permalinks structure :
/%year%/%monthnum%/%postname%
eg: http://example.com/myblog/2012/01/sample_post
But the final permalink will be of the form:
http://example.com/myblog/2012/01/sample_post#post-234
The fragment identifier is added by the following hook in the plugin:
/* adds hash */
function hjg_change_permalink( $permalink, $post ) {
//if(strpos($permalink,'#')) return $permalink;
return $permalink . "#post-" . $post->ID;
}
add_filter( 'post_link', 'hjg_change_permalink', 100, 2 );
I also hoooked the following in the plugin, so that the permalinks, despite looking as individual posts url, are interpreted as archives:
function hjg_parse_request( $wp ) {
if(! isset($wp->query_vars)) return;
if(! isset($wp->query_vars['year'])) return;
$wp->query_vars['name']=''; // remove post name
}
add_action( 'parse_request', 'hjg_parse_request');
My theme is inherited from the standard twenty-eleven, which already ads a "post-NNN" id to each post, in content.php :
<article id="post-<?php the_ID(); ?>" <?php post_class(); ?>>
if you are using other theme, you'd need to add or adapt this.
Remeber that, for this to work, your monthly archives should not be paged: you need to have a maximum number of posts per month, and set that value in the "posts-per-page" in the admin page. (I also tweaked the index.php file in my theme so that the front page shows a smaller number of posts).